The skin is the largest organ in the body and plays a role in protecting internal organs from infection, temperature extremes, and other potentially harmful situations. Our skin cells can become damaged which can cause a series of events to occur that can lead to cancer of the skin. Melanoma is the most fatal type of skin cancer. It is important to know the risk factors for melanoma, to be familiar with one’s skin to better observe and acknowledge skin changes commonly associated with melanoma, and to practice prevention strategies.
The risk factors associated with melanoma can arise from both environmental exposures and biological traits of an individual. Sun exposure and UV radiation are major risk factors that include chronic sun exposure, repeated intense sun exposure, sun exposure in childhood that results in severe sunburn, and tanning bed use. An individual may also be at risk if he or she has an increased number of moles, the presence of atypical moles, fair skin, or a personal or family history of melanoma.
Routine observation of normal skin and of new and existing moles/growths is important for early detection of melanoma. Skin photography can help an individual visualize past and present skin features. The ABCDE mnemonic is a useful tool when assessing the skin to help remember the possible signs of melanoma. Clinical features of concern include asymmetry (one side of the area is different from the other side), border irregularity, color variation, diameter larger than 6mm (similar to the size of a pencil eraser), and evolution of a growth.
An individual can play an active role to try to reduce the risk of skin cancer through prevention strategies. Sun protection is a preventative measure that is recommended and consists of wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, avoidance of midday sun, and proper use of sunscreens. The FDA recently established new requirements for sunscreens to ensure safety and effectiveness. A sunscreen labeled “broad spectrum” must protect against both UVA and UVB rays (UVA protection that is proportional to its UVB protection). Additionally, another preventative measure is to avoid tanning bed devices and sun lamps. Finally, regular self skin examinations and full body skin examinations by a healthcare professional can maximize an individual’s health by helping to make sure that the skin is healthy.
Julie Lindsay, Pharm D
Pharmacy Manager Store #661
LaFollette, TN
For more information please visit
The Skin Cancer Foundation
References
UpToDate
Pharmacist’s Letter
US National Library of Medicine
The Skin Cancer Foundation
